- ifconfig : This tool can be used to display the current configuration of a network interface. A privileged user can also use it to change any parameter of a network interface, be it an Ethernet card, a serial PPP link, or the loopback interface. For example, to show the configuration of all network interfaces on the host, we can use:
- netstat : This tool is able to extract a lot of different kinds of information on all or just one network interface. A short rundown of some of netstat's arguments
Argument Effect
(nothing) Display open connections (sockets)
-a Also show listening and non-listening sockets
-c Redisplay selected table continuously
-i Display network interfaces
-n Display IP addresses, don't resolve names
-r Display network routes
-s Display network statistics
-v Provide verbose information
- snoop and tcdump : Both these utilities enable an administrator to examine the packets being sent on a network.
Either tool allows packets to be examined as they appear on the network. Various options allow packets to be filtered according to source IP address and port, destination IP address and port, protocol, message type, and so on. For example, Apache's communications could be monitored on port 80, filtered down to data packets. - spray : A variant of ping . spray floods a destination server with ping packets to test the handling capacity of the network and server. The higher the percentage of packets that reaches the destination, the better the network. This is an unfriendly thing to do to a network that is handling real network traffic, so it should be used with caution
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